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Glosario

CGNAT (Carrier-Grade NAT)

Carrier-Grade NAT es una tecnología que los operadores móviles usan para compartir una dirección IP pública entre miles de abonados.

CGNAT (Carrier-Grade Network Address Translation) es cómo los operadores móviles gestionan la escasez de direcciones IPv4. Un operador asigna una dirección IP pública a miles de clientes simultáneamente. Todo su tráfico saliente parece provenir de la misma IP.

Esto crea una dinámica inusual para los sitios web: una IP de operador móvil podría representar a miles de usuarios reales. Bloquear esa IP significa bloquear a miles de clientes legítimos. Por esta razón, los sitios son mucho más reacios a bloquear IPs de operadores móviles.

Para los usuarios de proxies móviles, CGNAT se traduce directamente en mayores tasas de éxito. La misma IP usada continuamente por usuarios reales señala a los sistemas antibot que la IP es legítima, incluso bajo un alto volumen de solicitudes.

Cuando usas un proxy móvil, obtienes una de estas IPs compartidas por el operador. Desde la perspectiva del sitio web, pareces idéntico a uno de los miles de usuarios móviles normales navegando a través de ese operador.

CGNAT también hace que las IPs móviles roten de forma natural - los operadores reasignan IPs con regularidad. Los proveedores de proxies móviles construyen mecanismos de rotación sobre esto para dar a los usuarios control sobre cuándo cambia la IP.

Thousands of subscribers behind one address

Carrier-grade NAT lets a provider serve many customers from a single public address. Each device gets a private address inside the carrier network, and outbound connections are translated to a shared public one with a port range per subscriber.

Mobile networks use this universally because IPv4 space is scarce and a phone does not need to be reachable from outside. Some fixed-line providers do the same on cheaper plans.

For proxy work the consequence is the point. A mobile exit address is shared with a large number of genuine subscribers, so a site that bans it bans real customers along with you. That asymmetry is why mobile addresses enjoy far more tolerance than hosting ranges.

Why our mobile proxies inherit that tolerance

A mobile modem sits behind the carrier's NAT exactly like a phone does:

What the site sees

Your modem -> carrier NAT -> one public address shared with
              many real subscribers of that carrier

Rotation = the modem reconnects and the carrier hands out
           whatever address is next in the pool
  • Rotation on mobile is a physical reconnect, not a routing decision, which is why it takes seconds rather than milliseconds.
  • The same address sometimes returns after a rotation because the carrier pool is small. Rotate again or swap the modem.
  • Sharing means you cannot be uniquely identified by address alone, and it also means you inherit the behaviour of everyone else behind it.
  • Mobile costs from $5.76 per day precisely because someone has to own the SIM and the hardware in that country.

CGNAT misunderstandings

It does not make you anonymous

Your carrier maps sessions to subscribers. Sharing an address hides you from the destination, not from the network.

It is not unique to mobile

Fixed-line providers use it too, which is why some home connections cannot host anything.

Shared does not mean unreliable

The address is stable while the session lasts. What ends it is the reconnect.

It does not raise rate limits

Sites still count requests. Sharing changes the ban calculus, not the counter.

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