Lista de proxies
Un conjunto de direcciones IP y puertos de proxy, normalmente con credenciales, formateado para importarse en herramientas de scraping o automatización.
Una lista de proxies es simplemente un conjunto de proxies escritos línea por línea para usarse en herramientas. Cada línea identifica un proxy en un formato estándar - comúnmente host:port, host:port:username:password o username:password@host:port. Pegas o importas la lista en un scraper, bot o gestor de proxies, que luego rota por las entradas.
Los formatos no están del todo estandarizados, lo que causa fricción. Los dos órdenes más comunes son ip:port:user:pass y user:pass@ip:port, y las herramientas difieren en cuál esperan. Equivocarse en el orden es una causa frecuente de fallos de autenticación, así que conviene confirmar el formato que quiere tu herramienta.
Las listas de proxies estáticas tenían sentido cuando los proveedores vendían IPs individuales. Recibías un archivo de, digamos, 100 IPs y las cargabas en tu herramienta. La desventaja es el mantenimiento: las entradas muertas o bloqueadas hay que eliminarlas a mano, y la lista está tan actualizada como tu última actualización.
Los proveedores rotativos modernos reemplazan en gran medida las listas estáticas con un único endpoint gateway que da acceso a todo el pool - configuras una dirección y el proveedor rota por detrás, así que no hay lista que mantener. Las listas de proxies siguen siendo comunes para proxies dedicados/ISP y para herramientas que esperan entradas explícitas por línea. Para validar una lista, pasa cada entrada por un verificador de proxy y descarta las muertas.
What a proxy list actually contains
A proxy list is a set of addresses with the details needed to connect: host, port, and where authentication is by credentials, a username and password. The convention that most tools accept is ip:port:username:password, with one entry per line, and the second common form is a full URL such as http://user:pass@ip:port.
Lists come in two flavours that behave very differently. A list of static addresses gives you the same exits every time, which suits account work where each identity needs a stable address. A gateway entry is a single line that hides a pool behind it, where each connection can exit somewhere else.
Free public lists are a category of their own. The addresses are usually misconfigured servers or compromised machines, they die within hours, and a meaningful share of them log traffic or inject content. For anything involving credentials, they are not a cheap option, they are a security incident waiting for a schedule.
In practice the format matters more than it should, because antidetect browsers and scraping tools each expect their own arrangement of the same four fields. Most import failures are a mismatch between colon-separated and URL-style entries rather than anything wrong with the proxies.
Getting your list out of the dashboard
Static addresses export as a list. Residential is a gateway, so it exports as one line you vary with suffixes:
Two shapes of the same thing
# Static addresses, one line per proxy
198.51.100.20:50100:login:password
198.51.100.21:50100:login:password
198.51.100.22:50100:login:password
# Residential gateway, one line, targeting in the login
proxy.sotaproxy.com:10000:login_c_US_s_1_ttl_15m:password
proxy.sotaproxy.com:10000:login_c_US_s_2_ttl_15m:password
proxy.sotaproxy.com:10000:login_c_GB_s_3_ttl_15m:password- For antidetect fleets, generate one residential line per profile with a different session id. The host and port repeat, the login does not.
- The API returns the same data as JSON at GET /proxies, which is easier to feed into a script than a copied text file.
- Keep lists out of shared drives and chat. Every line contains a working credential, and rotating them after a leak means reissuing the whole fleet.
- When importing into a tool, check the first proxy manually before importing four hundred. Format mismatches fail silently in several popular browsers.
Where proxy lists go wrong
Treating a gateway line as many proxies
One residential line is a door to a pool, not a single exit. Ten identical lines in a tool do not give you ten addresses unless the session ids differ.
Assuming a list is dedicated
A list you bought cheaply may be sold to several customers at once. Dedicated means the address is yours alone, and the difference shows up as bans you did not earn.
Copying a list between tools without reformatting
ip:port:user:pass and http://user:pass@ip:port carry the same information and are not interchangeable in most import dialogs.
Using free lists for anything with a login
An unknown operator sits between you and the site and can read anything not protected by TLS, and can serve you a modified page even when it is.
Términos relacionados
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